Preheat the oven to 350°F (180°C) and line a 6-inch (15 cm) baking pan with parchment paper or grease it with oil.
In a large bowl, whisk together Greek yogurt, egg, maple syrup, lemon juice, and vanilla extract until smooth.
Sift oat flour, cornstarch, protein powder, and baking powder into the wet mixture. Gently fold until just combined — don't overmix.
Pour the batter into the pan. Bake for 30-35 minutes, until the top is lightly golden, the center is set, and a toothpick comes out mostly clean (with a few moist crumbs, but no wet batter).
Let the cake cool in the pan for 10 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack to cool completely before frosting.